Intimate relationship to aunt synchronous menstruation a woman really contagious

REVIEW: "menstrual synchronization" phenomenon, the majority of female compatriots are not unfamiliar in the roommate, sister, mother and daughter even colleagues, perhaps Many people have had menstrual synchronization of the "personal experience." However, from the initial "synchronous menstruation" phenomenon revealed its existence to the question, "synchronous menstruation" is not the impression then it is reasonable.

intimacy synchronize it really makes aunt to aunt synchronization

intimacy?

1971 psychologist Mc Clintock years in the prestigious scientific journal Nature (Nature) published their research, said the female roommate will be living closer to the menstrual cycle phenomenon, she selected a women\'s university in the 135 students living on campus as a research object, they are divided into groups roommate, close fri group, and random groups in close contact with people after six months, Mc Clintock day of their menstrual cramps ( the first day of menstruation) group statistics, found that roommate groups and close fri group cramps day intervals from 7-10 days to 3-7 days, the cycle ts to occur, while cramps as a control group on a random interval were 6-14 days and 5-15 days, remained unchanged based on the existence of other mammals of similar phenomena, such as mice "Whitten effect" (male mice release pheromones can synchronize estrus female rats), Mc Clintock that the reason for this phenomenon is likely to be pheromones.

results of this study led to large-scale discussion of this phenomenon closer to the menstrual cycle also known as the "Mc Clintock effect." In the later decades many scientists have studied this phenomenon, many of whom have been with the "Mc Clintock effect" consistent with the findings of covering sisters, colleagues and even gay couples, etc. These methods are also used in basic research reference Mc Clintock had done, that period of time on the difference between the female cramps statistics.

Although many studies have made clear "Mc Clintock effect" correctness, but there are also some studies have shown that there is no obvious menstrual synchronization phenomenon, coupled with many years for it has been unable to confirm the cause, follow-up study of methods of criticism, evolutionary significance of the unknown, gave the "Mc Clintock effect" marked the correctness of a question mark.

pheromones on menstrual cycles and it

question one: magical and mysterious pheromones, what am I to "sniff" you?

in all kinds of menstrual synchronization study, we can easily capture one of the words - pheromones, it is considered to be "Mc Clintock effect" the main reason.

is pheromone pheromones (pheromone) transliteration, also known as pheromones in 1959, the German biochemist Peter Karlson and Swiss entomologist Martin Luscher together to create this word, and define it as "secreted into the body by an individual, other individuals are receiving the same species and affect their physiology or behavior of the material".

information known many, the most well-known to the number of sex pheromone. Many insects will release sex pheromones to attract the opposite sex, some orchids will simulate sexual female wasp pheromone to attract males for their pollination. At present, many studies that identify the sex pheromone of the main and vomeronasal organ (vomeronasal organ, VNO) on , rather than through the olfactory epithelium identify many mammals have a vomeronasal organ, such as elephants, rats, etc., their behavior has also been shown to be the impact of pheromones - but not the human vomeronasal organ.

so magical in front of pheromones in humans cast a layer of mystery, although generally considered human sweat glands (especially the armpit) can secrete sex pheromones, such as the male 2-enone, androst enol, but in the we can not receiving this signal, a long time is always a controversial topic of human behavior and physiological complexity of the system difficult to study, until today, nor is there a pheromone is clearly confirmed the role of the human body, so that the controversy make pheromones at work has been speculated that the phenomenon of synchronous menstruation is more uncertain.

pheromones in order to prove the menstrual cycle and in 1998 published a study Mc Clintock her nine women were collected in follicular phase (before ovulation) and luteal phase (after ovulation) underarm sweat extracts, and then apply the upper lip of 20 women (estimated that 20 girls took a lot of subsidies before they agree to ... ...), participants were be required within 6 hours allowed to wash, all other life as usual results follicular phase of sweat to the participants ahead of cramps, and luteal phase sweat participants to postpone the cramps, combined with the follicular phase hormone to promote ovulation and luteal phase hormonal inhibition of ovulation phenomenon , Mc Clintock that the results prove that the release of pheromones in different periods can affect the physical condition of others, but this conclusion is somewhat weak, cramps early and delayed the number of days (2 days) a little less, even with the fluctuations in the length of menstrual almost - this is Mc Clintock I have to admit.

menstrual synchronization phenomena research methods a lot of problems

question two: research methods in a lot of problems

1992 scientist named H. Wilson published an article, a detailed system simultaneous analysis of the research over the years, research methods menstrual problems, prompted us to study these enormous error, may mislead us to the "Mc Clintock effect" understanding.

First, he pointed out that before synchronization of menstrual both plausible based on a vague assumption that "women in the randomized comparison of two cramps day interval, this difference is randomly distributed." computational proof, but Wilson, even if you do nothing, identified a number of women on the eight-pole beat menstrual cramps compare day intervals, due to different cycle length of each person, of which about half will t to synchronize, especially when small number of experimental statistics shorter convergence time more is significant, while the majority of menstrual synchronization studies have small sample sizes, short duration characteristics.

secondly, a more cramps day intervals, how to select a date will also make the results very different. Suppose A woman\'s menstrual cycle length is 28 days, she was on day 1, day 29, the first 57 days cramps; and women B\'s menstrual cycle length is 30 days, she was in the first 15 days, 45 days, the first 75 days cramps. how to determine their menstrual cycle ts to become synchronized or separate? If A is the first female and second periods of time to compare and female B, you will find: difference between her two previous 14 days, after a difference of 16 days, ts to separate ; if female A second and third periods of time compared with female B, it becomes: difference between the previous 14 days, after a difference of 12 days, t to synchronize. the same data the opposite conclusion, accidentally to fall into the trap mathematics.

Furthermore, Wilson found that many experiments exclude the existence of human participants in experimental design does not meet the conditions or data and some experimental participants in the experimental phenomenon of irregular menstruation occurs (according to statistics about the proportion of 25%), cramps and other people of different times, researchers will be in the statistics of these data will be removed, but this would be damage to the objectivity of the study.

error based on their analysis of the study, Wilson for several representative The research findings come one by one menstrual synchronization analysis and calculations and found the error after considering the results of these studies have become a basic "no significant menstrual synchronization phenomenon". Wilson also made a number of experiments to optimize the program, such as exted test time, increase the sample size, etc..

Wilson article released after the conclusion of the study to be synchronized menstrual significantly reduced, which also illustrates one aspect of his analysis did identify a problem, as the research behind the idea of ​​a more careful and rigorous method After him, there may be some other synchronization of menstrual problems have been proposed, such as collecting data, using one of the participants recalled cramps from time to time may bias the way the date; McClintock 1998 years of research in smear not done when the sweat extract single-blind or double-blind, etc..

evolutionary significance of the phenomenon of synchronous menstruation where

Three questions: where the meaning of evolution?

mentioned earlier the mice "Whitten effect", the release of male rats pheromones can synchronize estrus female rats, mice breeding has a positive meaning: females opt to prepare a one-time male can be "wide seed", reducing the cost of fertility, so it was that the menstrual synchronization The evolution of the meaning is similar, providing an explanation for this phenomenon, that way of life of polygamy in ancient times, the female menstrual synchronization helps to improve breeding efficiency, avoid male "wrong person" wasted strength.

But there are different views, some researchers believe that if there is menstrual synchronization phenomenon is detrimental for reproduction, since it leads to competition between women, wasting part of the fertility, reduced reproductive efficiency; and the ever-changing female ovulation can enable women more difficult to control by the men, so that when they have more men in the choice of options, are more likely to give birth to more offspring.

made "McClintock effect" I think the menstrual synchronization McClintock no effect, but the evolution of occasionally resulting "product" is a coincidence in the evolution of sense at the level of discussion, we can promote people to think multi-angle, but the phenomenon has never been able to synchronize menstrual provide direct evidence.

research on menstrual synchronization all the way controversial, to now not a conclusion. pros and cons of the scientists have no definitive evidence of the existence of the phenomenon of menstrual synchronization, but also whether the pheromones, but they all agree that research on human pheromones special significance, such a Magic things may open a new sense of mankind has never been realized, we have never explored to open up new areas of bold speculation followed by a rigorous confirmation carefully, constantly re-established hypotheses to establish the cycle down to seek true knowledge, is the the right attitude.

• Previous: Art of War how best to use a busy time for ger couples enjoy sex
• Next: Expert Q & A: squat then suddenly got up and dizziness is a disease you